Here are some links, etc. related to things we discussed last week (scroll down for Apologetics Regarding Marian Dogmas & Outline of the Episode that I posted before we met).
A Few More Catholic Answers Links
Are Catholics Accidentally Worshipping Mary?
The Angel Gabriel
Angel - Catholic Encyclopedia article
Gabriel - Catholic Encyclopedia article
What Are Saints and Angels (video)
Choirs of Angels, Archangels, & Guardian Angels (video)
Mary Embodying All Womanhood
I'm reading a lot about this now, but only have one link so far. This is pretty long and theological, but I think quite beautiful. I'm working on the short book The Eternal Woman by Le Fort that's being referred to, and will have more from that at some point:
Astell - Edith Stein & Gertrud von Le Fort on Mary's Embodiment of Womanhood
Perpetual Virginity of Mary (Jewish Vows of Virginity; Jesus's "Brothers")
- Support for the idea of Jewish women taking vows of virginity (even continuing into marriage) can be found in Numbers chapter 30. The word for "vow" here can be used for vows of fasting or virginity. From the context, it seems pretty clear that the latter is being discussed. Among other things, vows of fasting would have to be pretty short-term so the woman doesn't starve, and there is no mention of these vows ending at any time.
- The tradition of Mary being a vowed virgin in the temple is found in The Protoevangelium of James, and extra-biblical book from the 2nd century.
- Jesus's "Brothers"
- Did Jesus Have Brothers? - Overview of the whole issue, including that neither Aramaic or Hebrew have a word for cousin.
- Why Does the Bible Refer to Elizabeth as Mary’s “Cousin” but Not Use That Term When Referring to Jesus’ Brothers?
This article shows that the translation of the Greek word suggenes as "cousin" is incorrect—should be "relative" or "kinswoman". If you look at the verse (Luke 1:36) at Bible Gateway, you'll see that the King James uses "cousin" but the other major translations—RSV (ecumenical), NAB (Catholic), NIV (Protestant), ESV (Protestant)—all say "relative".
Since there are no separate mentions of what the relationship is between Jesus and John the Baptist, the practice of call John the "cousin" of Jesus seems to be entirely based on the idea that Elizabeth is the "cousin" of Mary.
So apparently we have all been incorrect whenever we have used the word "cousin" to refer to either of these relationships. Unfortunately, even Catholic Answers, where the two articles above come from, uses this language elsewhere.
Protestant Ministers Who Became Catholic
Over past 50 years or so, hundreds of Protestant ministers have converted to Catholicism. A lot of them have gotten involved in ministry as Catholics. Below are a few that I recommend in particular.
Scott Hahn is by far the best known Protestant minister who became Catholic in recent years. Not only has he written many books, but has also founded the St. Paul Center at Franciscan University and overseen the production of the new Ignatius Catholic Study Bible. Lots of great videos from him on YouTube.
Marcus Grodi not only converted, but made his ministry helping other ministers convert by founding The Coming Home Network. Through this organization he has helped over 200 Protestant ministers in their moves into the Catholic Church. Most of them, along with lots of other converts, have been on his EWTN show The Journey Home. Watching these stories is a great way to learn about non-Catholic beliefs and how they differ from ours.
Jeff Cavins has written a number of books, but is best known for his Great Adventure course and study Bible. His stuff can be found at Ascension Press and at their YouTube channel.
John Bergsma is a scripture scholar who works with Scott Hahn at the St. Paul Center. He has written some great books and has a lot of videos on YouTube. Highly recommend his two appearances with Matt Fradd on Pints With Aquinas.
Apologetics Regarding Marian Doctrines
Here are some resources on Catholic Answers about the Marian doctrines:
Divine Motherhood (Mother of God)
Outline of the Episode
Part 1
I. The Annunciation
A. The angel Gabriel: “Hail, O favored one, the Lord is with you!” (Lk. 1:28)
B. Mary called to be the new Ark of the Covenant
C. Mary’s response is her fiat, her humble and holy “Yes” (Lk. 1:38)
D. Mary is the New Eve; she was conceived without sin, filled with divine life
E. The Ave reverses Eva: the attitude of fiat (“let it be”)
II. Mary and Zion
A. The Bridge between Old & New Covenant
B. Chartres Cathedral: Body of Mary
C. Mary is a daughter of Israel, a true Jew
D. Mary personifies Israel, the bridal people of God, faithful to the covenant
E. Mary responded to God’s call, promptly, quickly, and obediently
F. The model disciple
III. The Mother of God
A. The Council of Ephesus (A.D. 431)
1. Convened to combat Nestorius, the Patriarch of Constantinople
2. Christotokos (Christ-bearer) vs. Theotokos (God-bearer)
3. Twelve anathemas proposed by St. Cyril of Alexandria
B. Jesus Christ is one Person with two natures, human and divine
C. Mary is not the mother of a human nature, but a person: Jesus Christ
D. Calling Mary the Mother of God defends the Incarnation
Part 2
I. The Immaculate Conception
A. Declared a dogma of the Catholic Church in 1854, but has ancient roots
B. Pius IX (Ineffabilis Deus): Mary born “free from all stain of original sin”
1. This is why Gabriel says, “Hail, Full of Grace”
2. Mary gifted with “sublime grace” (Lumen Gentium, 53)
3. Mary is a perfect and holy vessel for reception of the Word
4. Mary’s salvation a matter of how, not if or what
C. St. Bernadette and Lourdes
II. The Assumption
A. Declared a dogma of the Catholic Church in 1950, but has ancient roots
B. Pius XII (Munificentissimus Deus): Mary’s body did not corrupt
1. Mary did not have to wait “for the redemption of her body”
2. Mary perfectly shared in her Son’s life, death, Resurrection
3. The Assumption is a “singular participation in her Son’s Resurrection” (CCC, 966)
III. The Mother of the Church
A. Mary continues to be active today
B. Dec. 9, 1531: Mary appeared to Juan Diego in Mexico
C. The sign given: tilma filled with roses, imprinted with miraculous image
D. The image of the Virgin echoes Revelation 12
IV. Mother of the New Covenant
A. Human Sacrifice
1. Rene Girard: The Scapegoat
i. The Scapegoat is at the foundation of society; provides communal cohesion
Ii. Satan is the Accuser
iii. Christ rejects Satan; thus he rejects a world ordered by violence
iv. Christ becomes scapegoat to show us our violence
v. Christ orders society through love and non-violence
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